in 1947 it was not a birth of a newnation alone but a new identity that made strides throughout Pakistan'spolitical arena and social landscape as however the identity being fixatedwith the a political entity allowed it to be dissolved with it. Mohjairs ruledPakistan and then lost Pakistan but again regained power through a politicalentity known as MQM surprisingly being less in number as compared to otherpeople our national language was Urdu and not Bengali our first Prime Ministerwas Liqauiat Ali Khan thong an Urdu Speaking then why did mohajirs claim to bemarginalized and howcome a political entity as big as MQM came out of it theword.
Mohajir means immigrant in the literal sense mostly people who migratedfrom India to Pakistan were because of the riots and there were many wellsettled and educated Muslims from the herd as well.
A reason to believe thistheory is to even travel in that time you did require knowledge regardingroutes and the dominant media being printed you had to be literate as well.it's safe to say that people who migrated were educated but the ratio ofilliterate people is still debatable. People who identify themselves asmohajirs are mostly found in the area of Sindh specifically in the old capitalkarachi hyderabad and sukkur the majority of the people are found inkarachi why so most of the economic opportunities were easy to find inkarachi as it was the capital city and a metropolitan one as well moreover theeducated immigrants who required a breeding ground for their skill setwhich karachi accommodated them with the punjab side was a mere reflection of theIndian Punjab as ethically both sides were similar but religiously differentthe 1951 census showed that there were about 7.22 millionimmigrants in Pakistan out of a population of 30 million people inPakistan which excluded many of the individuals who didn't .
identifythemselves as mohajirs as they settled from east to west Punjab in thepartition which only changed their location but the culture was the sameimmigrants who claimed to be mohajirs were the ones who spoke or do. soon after the educated class of hindus departure from these areas built up a vacuum ofprofessionals that was filled up with the immigrants. i would like to statesome facts to create a better image to understand the position mohajirs heldafter the partition the indigenous had a literacy rate of 10% as compared to theimmigrants that had a literacy rate of 70% an account from political officeshowed Mohajirs and Punjabi speaking refugees had occupied 18 out of 27offices of governor-general president prime minister provincial governorsand chief ministers in 1978 being less than 8% of the population mohajirs held33.5% gazetted positions in 1968 the military was dominated by mohajirs asthey held 11 out of 48 of senior positions however Sindhi being double inpopulation comprised of 2.7% of gazettedis for 0.3% of the Secretariat and 3.6% of the executive in public enterprise in1968 there was no account of Sindhi's in army In the military mohajirshad dominated every arena in Pakistan and were over-represented on meritthe people of Sindh were farmers and were never involved in these urbanactivities then why did mohajirs bother to fight and formulate a partyeverything was leaning in their favor The mohajirs felt discriminated whenfatima jinnah stood for elections and was shunned by Ayub Khan. soon a Ayub Khan decided to change the location of the capital from Karachi to Islamabad moreclose to the GHQ this sowed a seed of resentment in Mohajirs. The final blow was by Bhutto when he came in power he brought in the quota system in thegovernment and nationalized the industries of Pakistan.
Nationalizationof industries meant that private ownership was revoked. From the 12richest business groups of Pakistan seven were of immigrants and the sevenof the industries alone were in Sindh. Till this day it's a rare sight to findanyone beside Urduspeaking or Memon in the business community. Quota systemmeant that rural people could secure a certain amount of seats on the basis oftheir domicile and since he made Sindhi the provincial language and brought itin board papers as well. The victims of his measures were mohajir people and the beneficiaries were rural Sindhi people. their onwards mohajirs only knew onething that was that Bhutto is unfit to rule over Pakistan.
Zia was the next inline and used all of his guns to bring down Bhutto in the next elections. Bhuttowas accused of rigging elections and eventually tensions grew where the nextmartial law was imposed. After the martial law friction between Sindhi and the forces grew. Followed up by the death death penalty of Bhutto. To consolidate his own rule, Zia had favored the Urdu speakingcommunity to break PPP's dominance in Sindh. From a student organization named APMSO grew out an entire party called MQM under Zia's rule. There weremultiple factors that gave the party and the idea its rapid Fame but if anyonecould point to one incident where MQM exponentially grew would be after theQasba Aligrah incident. A school girl named Bushra became a victim of a bus race and their onward the riots spread like awildfire. The minibus driver was a pashutun and the girl who lost her life was aMoahjirs in reaction to the accident authorities cracked down on the Pashtuns drug cartel and it was suspected that the informants would be the common enemy 'Mohajirs' this led to the killing spree of Qasba Aligrah where four hundredpeople were shot dead in less than two hours. The unimaginable brutality blurredout the mohajirs and made this a humanitarian issue people wanted aplatform to grief upon the gone and save the future from these atrocities. MQMticked all the boxes and won the local body elections from Karachi andHyderabad those lives lost became the pillar of MQM to legitimize violence. Inits active years Zia's plane crash was a tragedy mourned by the entire nation butit was detrimental for MQM as well MQM was under the shadow of Zia but now itwas a test in the open field for once the next election campaign were designed to cash ethnicity and sympathy of lives lost. PPP had Sindhi's to moan over Zulfiqar Ali Bhuto and Zia's suppressive era of MQM had mohajirs tosympathize for 1947 and Qasbad Aligrah the results reflected the campaignas Mohajirs won the urban Sindh and PPP won the rural. PPP to formulate itsgovernment and required piece that fell in the lap of MQM. the joinned hands aagainst Punjab to form the government the relationship was short-lived due toethnic differences but MQM broke the alliance to go solo. MQM tried to renewthe party's identity by renaming the party from Mohajirs Qaumi Movement Mutihidda Qoumi Movement this automatically increased the party audience MQM'srapid growth in the political arena wasn't a fluke but required rigorousplanning unlawful acts and unconditional support from multiple allies. The allieswere a very controversial topic as it started out as a pet project by fewstudents. Grew into a full-fledged party overnight especially in an era ofdictatorship if not supported then other parties were evidently suppressed whichallowed MQM came to grow on steroids in the era of Zia. in the future manycontroversial figures were found with MQM such as Indiaunlawful acts were target killings and illegal extortion that heavily startedout in the urban centres of sindh. people who were true to the cause were seen tobe deviating from MQM and the consequences for disloyalty catched Fame soon as well the people trapped had exhausted all their options the inhumaneacts ruined MQM's image soon the boiling pot hard to react and the reaction cameas the operation clean up in 1992 Altaf Hussain had sensed that this wouldlead to an end and their onwards he fled from Pakistan till this day. howeverMQM was able to stand up again in 1997 when it emerged as the second largestparty in Sindh the power in hand was of no use as the policies developed weredirectly against their motives. the final nail in the coffin for MQM's imagewas when Hakim Saeed was murdered. MQM was breathing its last breath whenMusharraf imposed martial law and came into powerit allowed MQM to buy more time to survive in the urban centres. MustafaKamal's service to Karachi made MQM the necessary evil of sindh's urban areas andbought MQM 10 years. The 2007 elections and 2014 elections were on the same lines there are a minute details to ponder upon thatmade the difference but the main take out was that MQM's fame was declining.The Mohajir identity did not hold relevance as it did previouslythe new generation associated themselves with the cities ratherthan where they belong from. Official Authorities had to clear up sindh's urban areato create a more attractive investment to our neighbor China since urban areawas capitalized upon its safety by MQM for years. it was time to clear out MQMfrom these areas a few of ex members were brought on air to confessregarding MQM's brutalities to create a negative image furthermore some of themembers were thrown into jail and some took it as a sign to flee the country.the 2018 elections was the final stroke that brought down MQM. from whichMustafa Kamal stood up from a party called dolphin which distributed thevotes heavily and made PTI the dominant party to win and PPP from Sindh. the army who started this party had to pull the plug this way. It's your own demons thateventually consume you. please don't forget to like our video and subscribeour channel for more content .
Created by fazeel ahmed
(Jiyyy mahajir)